(Dec 9): Hong Kong saw its biggest pro-democracy protest in months on Sunday, signaling more unrest to come in 2020 as the movement that began in June to fight China’s increasing grip on the city shows its staying power.

Hundreds of thousands of demonstrators flooded the city’s major downtown boulevards, many waving U.S. flags, singing “Glory to Hong Kong” and chanting “Five demands, not one less.” The protests were largely peaceful throughout the afternoon, though at night tensions emerged between riot police and some radical demonstrators. Some protesters also called for disrupting the commute on Monday morning.

The rally was the first organized by the Civil Human Rights Front to get police approval since August, prompting many Hong Kongers who normally wouldn’t risk joining an illegal assembly to hit the streets.

The organizer said about 800,000 were at the rally, while police estimated 183,000 were at the peak of the protest. The show of force follows a landslide victory for pro-democracy forces in local elections last month.

“Yet another breathtaking display of Hong Kongers’ political might,” said Claudia Mo, a pro-democracy lawmaker who joined the march on Sunday. “By now it’s obvious the Hong Kong fight will go on, we will soldier on,” she said. “This may last for the generations to come.”

Carrie Lam, Hong Kong’s leader backed by Chinese President Xi Jinping, has refused to give in to demands including an independent inquiry into police violence and meaningful elections for the city’s top political positions. The demonstrations have maintained popular support even as the economy has slid into a recession.

“Should Carrie Lam or the Beijing regime continue to ignore the outcry, Hong Kongers will continue to resist the government by peaceful and not-so-peaceful means,” said Fernando Cheung, another opposition lawmaker.

Mass Marches

The protesters have sought to pressure the government with a combination of peaceful mass marches, like the one on Sunday afternoon; and more violent actions like shutting down transport networks, vandalizing mainland-linked businesses and seizing universities. Police have made more than 6,000 arrests, while coming under fire for abuses in seeking to contain the demonstrations.

Earlier on Sunday, police said they arrested 11 people while seizing a semi-automatic pistol, bullet-proof jackets, retractable batons and pepper spray in the raid. They suspected an “extreme” group of people would try to attack police or “create chaos” during the rally.

While the protest was largely peaceful, the police said early Monday that some had blocked streets in the evening, spray-painted walls of the High Court and vandalized shops in the Causeway Bay shopping district, “seriously challenging the spirit of the rule of law.”

“We’re very nervous,” Li Kwai Wah, senior superintendent at the Organized Crime Triad Bureau, told reporters earlier. “I am urging the protesters today to pay extra attention to their surroundings and leave the scene and report to the police if there are signs of danger.”

MTR Corp., the city’s subway operator, said it’s adding more train captains for some services to ensure there aren’t any foreign objects on the rail tracks. It also said rides on the East Rail Line will be longer than usual. Some trackside equipment was destroyed at the University Station and trains are expected to travel at a slower speed.

Lam’s government withdrew a bill allowing extraditions to the mainland that originally sparked the protests, and called for dialogue on the other demands. China has sought to portray the issues as largely economic in nature, while refusing to offer a political solution.

The protesters on Sunday vowed to keep on fighting into 2020, when Hong Kong is scheduled to hold elections for the Legislative Council. Kelvin, a 30-year-old salesperson who declined to give his last name, also said the protesters were “building our own economics.”

“I know a lot of businesses take sides, so we are going for the side that supports democracy,” he said. “Our government is not responding to any of them so that’s why we are still here.”

Under Pressure

Companies have got caught in the middle of the protests. Chinese retailers and branches of lenders like Bank of China Ltd. have been ransacked by vandals, while Cathay Pacific Airways Ltd. and the NBA have come under pressure from Beijing after employees supported the demonstrations.

Over the weekend, the heads of the American Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong were denied entry to Macau and sent back, with no explanation given.

“We hope that this is just an over reaction to current events and that international business can constructively forge ahead,” the chamber said in a statement.

On Saturday, hundreds of pro-government demonstrators gathered in Wan Chai waving China and Hong Kong flags while condemning the violent protests and vandalism of the past months. Organizers told local media Ming Pao that they think the vote for local district councils last month was unfair and called for actions to rebut the protesters’ plans for a general strike on Monday.

Sunday’s large turnout showed that the government will be “living in a fantasy” if they believe the protests will die down early next year, particularly with the holidays of Christmas and Chinese New Year coming up, said Alvin Yeung, a lawmaker in the pro-democracy camp.

“People are still very eager to fight for what they have been fighting for,” he said. “It’s not the end yet -- it’s far from the end.”